In Bhagavad Gita 11.22, Arjuna says the Rudras, Adityas, Vasus, Sadhyas, Vishvedevas, Ashvins, Maruts, ancestors, gandharvas, yakshas, asuras and siddhas all gaze at Krishna in amazement.
Sanskrit Verse
अर्जुन उवाच · Arjuna said
रुद्रादित्या वसवो ये च साध्या
विश्वेऽश्विनौ मरुतश्चोष्मपाश्च
गन्धर्वयक्षासुरसिद्धसङ्घा
वीक्षन्ते त्वां विस्मिताश्चैव सर्वे ॥ ११-२२ ॥
rudrādityā vasavo ye ca sādhyā
viśve’śvinau marutaścoṣmapāśca
gandharvayakṣāsurasiddhasaṅghā
vīkṣante tvāṃ vismitāścaiva sarve
English transliteration rudraadityaa vasavo ye cha saadhyaa
vishve’shvinau marutashchoshmapaashcha
gandharvayakshaasurasiddhasanghaa
veekshante tvaam vismitaashchaiva sarve ॥ 11.22 ॥
Translation / Meaning
The Rudras, Adityas, Vasus and Sadhyas, the Vishvedevas, the two Ashvins, the Maruts and the ancestors, and the hosts of gandharvas, yakshas, asuras and perfected beings all gaze at You in amazement.
Word Meanings
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| रुद्रादित्याः rudrādityāḥ | the Rudras and Ādityas rudra (Rudras) + ādityāḥ (Ādityas) |
| वसवः vasavaḥ | the Vasus |
| ये ye | who |
| च ca | and |
| साध्याः sādhyāḥ | the Sādhyas |
| विश्वे viśve | the Viśvedevas |
| अश्विनौ aśvinau | the two Aśvins |
| मरुतः marutaḥ | the Maruts |
| च ca | and |
| ऊष्मपाः ūṣmapāḥ | the ancestors (drinkers of warm offerings) |
| च ca | and |
| गन्धर्वयक्षासुरसिद्धसङ्घाः gandharvayakṣāsurasiddhasaṅghāḥ | the hosts of gandharvas, yakṣas, asuras and perfected beings gandharva (gandharvas) + yakṣa (yakṣas) + asura (asuras) + siddha (perfected) + saṅghāḥ (hosts) |
| वीक्षन्ते vīkṣante | gaze |
| त्वाम् tvām | at You |
| विस्मिताः vismitāḥ | in amazement |
| च ca | and |
| एव eva | indeed |
| सर्वे sarve | all |
Word-wise Chanting
- rud–rā–dit–yā va–sa–vo ye ca sādh–yā 11 syllables rud-raa-dit-yaa va-sa-vo ye cha saadh-yaa
- viś–ve–‘śvi–nau ma–ru–taś–coṣ–ma–pāś–ca | 11 syllables vish-ve-‘shvi-nau ma-ru-tash-chosh-ma-paash-cha
- gan–dhar–va–ya–kṣā–su–ra–sid–dha–saṅ–ghā 11 syllables gan-dhar-va-ya-kshaa-su-ra-sid-dha-san-ghaa
- vī–kṣan–te tvāṃ vis–mi–tāś–cai–va sar–ve || 11-22 11 syllables vee-kshan-te tvaam vis-mi-taash-chai-va sar-ve
How to read this
How to chant: each line is one pāda (quarter-verse); chant it in one breath. The hyphen (-) divides the syllables, inside a word and across a sandhi join, so every pāda shows its 8 syllables (11 in triṣṭubh verses). A consonant cluster is divided after its first consonant (kar-ma, vet-ti): that syllable is held longer. Mark above a syllable: guru, long (two beats); laghu, short (one beat). | closes the half-verse, || the verse; the number is the syllable count of the pāda.
Deeper Explanation – Chapter 11 Verse 22
Context
Arjuna continues to describe the vision (11.15–11.31).
Meaning
Every class of celestial being, divine and demonic alike, gazes at the cosmic form vismita, amazed. The ūṣmapāḥ are understood as ancestors who receive warm offerings. No being, however exalted, can remain unmoved before this vision.
The vision humbles all. Before the infinite, distinctions of rank and power fall away, and every being becomes a spectator in awe.
In Practice
Remember that every being, from the greatest to the smallest, stands equally before the Divine.
Related Verses
Continue Your Study
This verse belongs to Chapter 11: Vishvarupa Darshana Yoga (The Vision of the Universal Form). Read the chapter overview, browse every verse of the Gita, or return to the chapter-by-chapter guide. For a reading plan, see how to study the Bhagavad Gita and the study resources.